Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Amazon Com shopping experience:

1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Amazon Com offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Amazon Com at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.

2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about

3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Amazon Com? Wrong! If the Amazon Com is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.

4. Questions - Got a question about Amazon Com then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....

5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Amazon Com? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Amazon Com and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.

6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Amazon Com wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.

7. Feedback - happy with your Amazon Com then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.

8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Amazon Com site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site

9. Contact - got a question about Amazon Com, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.

10. Payment - ready to pay for your Amazon Com, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.

{{Infobox Dotcom company| company_name = Amazon.com, Inc.| company_logo = | company_type = Public company ()| company_slogan = …and you're done| foundation = 1994| location_city = Seattle, Washington, Founder, President, CEO, and Chairman
[Rick Dalzell, Senior VP/CIO
Tom Szkutak, Senior VP/CFO
Werner Vogels, VP/CTO]| revenue = United States dollar10.71 billion (2006)])| products = Amazon.com
A9.com
Alexa Internet
Internet Movie Database
WebStore by Amazon
Pinzon (private label trademark)]| language = English
.com, .co.uk, .caChinese .cnFrench .fr, .ca
German .de, .at
Japanese .co.jp| launch_date = 1995-->Amazon.com, Inc. () is an United States e-commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, Washington. It was one of the first major companies to sell goods over the Internet and was one of the iconic stocks of the late 1990s dot-com bubble. After the bubble burst, Amazon faced skepticism about its business model, but it made its first annual profit in 2003.

Founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, and launched in 1995, Amazon.com began as an online bookstore, though it soon diversified its product lines, adding VHSs, DVDs, music Compact Discs, MP3s, computer software, video games, Consumer electronics, Clothing, furniture, food, toys, and more.

Amazon has established separate websites in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, France, China, and Japan. It ships globally on selected products.

History and business model Amazon was founded in 1994, spurred by what Bezos refers to as his "regret minimization framework," i.e. his effort to fend off late-in-life regret for not staking a claim in the Internet gold rush. Time Magazine 1999 Person of the Year -- Jeffrey P.Bezos It is common lore that Bezos wrote its business plan while he and his wife drove a 1988 Chevrolet Blazer from Fort Worth, Texas to Bellevue, Washington. NYTimes, July 10 2005: "A Retail Revolution Turns 10"

The company began operating as an online bookstore under the name Cadabra.com (as in abracadabra), a name that Bezos quickly abandoned due to its sounding like "cadaver". While the largest Brick and mortar business bookstores and mail-order catalogs for books might offer 200,000 titles, an online bookstore could offer many times more. Bezos renamed his company "Amazon" after the world's Amazon River.

The company was incorporated in 1994, in the state of Washington, began service in July 1995, and was reincorporated in 1996 in Delaware. The first book ever sold by Amazon.com was Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought.Amazon.com's company timeline Amazon.com had its initial public offering on May 15 1997, trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol AMZN at an initial public offering price of United States dollar18.00 per share (equivalent to US$1.50 after three stock splits during the late 1990s).

Amazon's initial business plan was unusual: the company did not expect to turn a profit for four to five years. In retrospect, the strategy was effective. Amazon grew at a steady pace in the late 1990s while many other Internet companies grew at a blindingly fast pace.

Amazon's "slow" growth caused a number of its stockholders to complain, saying that the company was not reaching profitability fast enough. When the Dot-com bubble burst and many e-companies went out of business, Amazon persevered and finally turned its first profit in the fourth quarter of 2002: a meager US$5 million, just 1¢ per share, on revenues of over US$1 billion, but it was important symbolically.

The firm has since remained profitable: net income was US$35.3 million in 2003, US$588.5 million in 2004, US$359 million in 2005, and US$190 million in 2006 (including a US$662 million charge on R&D in 2006). Nevertheless, the firm's cumulative profits remain negative, since the positive performance of recent years is not yet sufficient to wipe out the losses of the past, as of 2005 the accumulated deficit stood at US$2.03 billion.

Revenue continued to grow thanks to product diversification and international presence: US$3.9 billion in 2002, US$5.3 billion in 2003, US$6.9 billion in 2004, US$8.5 billion in 2005, and US$10.7 billion in 2006. On November 21 2005, Amazon entered the S&P 500 index, replacing the venerable AT&T after it merged with SBC Communications.

Time Magazine named Bezos its 1999 Person of the Year in recognition of the company's success in popularizing online shopping.

Merchant partnerships The Web sites of Borders Group (borders.com, borders.co.uk), Waldenbooks (waldenbooks.com), Virgin Megastores (virginmega.com), CDNOW (cdnow.com), and HMV Group plc (hmv.com) are powered and hosted by Amazon. Until June 30 2006, typing Toys R Us.com into one's browser would similarly bring up Amazon.com's Toys & Games tab; however, this relationship was terminated as the result of a lawsuit.E-Commerce Times: Toys 'R' Us wins right to end amazon partnership., March 3, 2006

Amazon.com powers and operates retail web sites for Target Corporation, the National Basketball Association, Sears Canada, Sears UK, Benefit Cosmetics, Bebe Stores, Timex Corporation, Marks & Spencer, Mothercare, and Bombay Company.

For a number of these companies, specifically the UK ones like Marks & Spencer and Mothercare, Amazon provides the multi-channel solutions not just the web site. That means that it also powers the in store terminals, customer-service applications and phone-sales terminals.

It also powers, although does not host, AOL's Shop@AOL service. It achieves this via Web Services technology.

Locations Headquarters The company's global headquarters is located on Seattle, Washington's Beacon Hill, Seattle, Washington. It has offices throughout other parts of greater Seattle.

Software development centers The company employs software developers in modest- to large-sized centers across the globe. International locations include:

Fulfillment and warehousing Fulfillment centers are located in the following cities, often near airports: *Arizona, United States of America: Phoenix, Arizona *Delaware, United States of America: New Castle, Delaware *Kansas, United States of America: Coffeyville, Kansas *Kentucky, United States of America: Campbellsville, Kentucky, Hebron, Kentucky (near Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport), and Lexington, Kentucky *Massachusetts, United States of America: Springfield, Massachusetts (new as of early 2007) *Nevada, United States of America: Fernley, Nevada and Red Rock, Nevada (near Reno Stead Airport) *Washington, United States of America: Federal Way, Washington *Pennsylvania, United States of America: Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and Lewisberry, Pennsylvania *Texas, United States of America: Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex *Ontario, Canada: Mississauga, Ontario *Munster, Republic of Ireland: Cork (city) *Bedfordshire, England, United Kingdom: Marston Gate *Inverclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom: Gourock *Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom: Glenrothes *Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom: (Planned) *Loiret, France: Orléans-Boigny (2000), *Loiret, France: Orléans-Saran (2007), *Hesse, Germany: Bad Hersfeld *Free State of Saxony, Germany: Leipzig *Chiba Prefecture, Japan *Guangzhou, China *Shanghai, China *Beijing, China

Product lines Amazon has steadily branched into retail sales of music compact discs, VHS and DVDs, computer software, consumer electronics, kitchen items, tools, lawn and garden items, toys & games, baby products, clothing, sporting goods, gourmet food, jewelry, watches, health care and personal-care items, cosmetics, musical instruments, industrial & scientific supplies, groceries, and more.

The company launched Amazon.com Auctions, its own Web auctions service, in March 1999. However it failed to chip away at industry pioneer eBay's juggernaut growth. Amazon Auctions was followed by the launch of a fixed-price marketplace business called zShops in September 1999, and a failed Sotheby's/Amazon partnership called sothebys.amazon.com in November. Although zShops failed to live up to its expectations, it laid the groundwork for the hugely successful Amazon Marketplace service launched in 2001 that let customers sell used books, CDs, DVDs, and other products alongside new items. Amazon Marketplace's main rival today is eBay's Half.com service.

Beginning August 2005U.S. Trademark registrations numbered 3216667 and 3266840/3266847, issued March 6, 2007 and July 17, 2007, Amazon began selling products under its own private label, "Pinzon"; the initial trademark applications suggested the company intended to focus on textiles, kitchen utensils, and other household goods.In March 2007, the company applied to expand the trademark to cover a larger and more diverse list of goods, and to register a new design consisting of the "word PINZON in stylized letters with a notched letter O whose space appears at the "one o'clock" position." Trademark Electronic Search System from the USPTO, supplying "PINZON" as the search term. The list of products registered for coverage by the trademark grew to include items such as paints, carpets, wallpaper, hair accessories, clothing, footwear, headgear, cleaning products, and jewelry.

On May 16 2007 Amazon announced its intention to launch its own online music store. The store launched in public beta September 25, 2007, selling downloads exclusively in MP3 format without digital rights management.http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1055053&highlight=

In August 2007, Amazon announced Amazon Fresh, a grocery service offering perishable and nonperishable foods. Customers can pick up orders or have them delivered to their homes. Delivery is initially restricted to residents of Mercer Island, Washington, a wealthy suburb of Seattle.http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/08/01/remember-webvan-so-does-amazon/

Website A popular feature of Amazon is the ability for users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. As part of their review, users must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Such rating scales provide a basic idea of the popularity and dependability of a product.

The review feature is an important and highly influential function for customers and was certainly one of the main reasons for amazon.com’s success at selling books. As with book reviews anywhere, the buyer must beware that all reviewers have bias. Under normal circumstances, reviews give the reader has at least a modest basis for evaluating whether to buy/read a given book.

Because it is an open forum, the reader can benefit from the opinions of different people with different perspectives. However, the anonymity of web reviewers increases the chances of abuse in the form of self-praise, praise from friends, or malicious criticism. This situation was confirmed in 2004 when the origin of reviews was accidentally made public on an amazon site, and some authors openly confirmed their glowing reviews of their own books (see Trivia below).

Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers, e.g., to indicate the “real name” of the reviewer (based on the credit card name) or to indicate that the reviewer is one of the “top” (most popular) reviewers. Because badging is optional, the risk of abuse remains. Some books have well over one thousand reviews (e.g. Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged), but many books, especially new ones, have none.

The U.S. site generally has the highest quantity of reviews, but other country sites offer the perspectives of other reviewers. A review posted on one site is not necessarily visible on another site.

Search Inside the Book is a feature which makes it possible for customers to search for keywords in the full text of many books in the catalog. Amazon.com's online reader Search Inside reference Amazon.com Search Inside reference The feature started out with 120,000 titles (or 33 million pages of text) on October 23 2003. There are currently about 250,000 books in the program. Amazon has cooperated with around 130 publishers to allow users to perform these searches.

To avoid copyright violations, Amazon.com does not return the computer-readable text of the book but rather a picture of the page containing the found excerpt, disables printing of the pages, and puts limits on the number of pages in a book a single user can access. Amazon is planning to launch Search Inside the Book internationally. Additionally, customers can purchase access to read the entire book online via the Amazon Upgrade program, although the selection of books eligible for this service is currently limited.

According to information in Amazon.com discussion forums, Amazon derives about 40% of its sales from affiliates, whom they call "Associates." An Associate is an independent seller or business that receives a commission for referring customers to the Amazon.com site.

Associates do this by placing links on their websites to the Amazon homepage or to specific products. If a referral results in a sale, the Associate receives a commission from Amazon. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.http://affiliate-program.amazon.co.uk/gp/associates/join/main.html Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service.

Amazon was one of the first online businesses to set up an affiliate marketing program.http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=832131 AStore is a new affiliate product that allows Associates to embedded a subset of Amazon products within, or linked to from, another website.

According to the Internet audience measurement website Compete.com, Amazon attracts approximately 50 million U.S. consumers to its website on a monthly basis (http://siteanalytics.compete.com/amazon.com).

Acquisitions and spinoffs

The two deals together were valued at about US$280 million at the time. Most staff of both firms were absorbed by Amazon in early 1999. These employees went on to build community-focused features for the Amazon Web site, including Amazon.com online auction, Amazon.com Marketplace, Friends & Favorites, and Purchase Circles.

Another A9 technology was its "Find It on the Block" feature allowing users to find not just the phone number, address, map, and directions for a business; but to see a picture of it, and all the businesses and shops on that same street.

Noteworthy events In 2002, Amazon became the exclusive retailer for the much-hyped Segway HT. Bezos was an early supporter of the Segway before its details were made public.

On June 21 2003, Amazon coordinated what was at the time one of the largest sales and distribution events in e-commerce history with the sale of over 1.3 million copies of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, since beaten by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows with a sale of over 2 million copies preordered in 2007.

On July 16 2005, Amazon celebrated its 10th anniversary by telecasting a worldwide live concert hosted by Bill Maher and artists such as Bob Dylan and Norah Jones.

Products and services Amazon Web Services Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2002. The service provides programmatic access to many features leveraged behind the scenes on its own website. AWS was rapidly adopted by what now amount to tens of thousands of software developers.

Amazon S3 In March 2006, Amazon launched an online storage service called Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). An unlimited number of data objects, from 1 byte to 5 gigabytes in size, can be stored in S3 and distributed via HTTP or BitTorrent. The service charges monthly fees for data stored and for data transferred.

Amazon EC2 In August 2006, Amazon introduced Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), a virtual site farm, allowing users to use the Amazon infrastructure with its high reliability to run diverse applications ranging from running simulations to web hosting.

Amazon Mechanical Turk In November 2005, Amazon.com began testing Amazon Mechanical Turk, an application programming interface (API) allowing programs to dispatch tasks to human processors.

Amazon FPS On August 2, 2007 Amazon launched a payment service specifically targeted at developers. Amazon FPS has facilities for developing many different charging models including micro-payments. The service also gives developers easy access to Amazon customers.

Amazon Unbox On March 7 2007, Amazon launched an Internet video on demand service. There has been criticism of the service due to its use of digital rights management (DRM).

Amazon MP3 Downloads On September 25, 2007, Amazon launched a new music store (currently in software release cycle#Beta) which sells downloadable tracks, all in the MP3 format and most recorded at 256 kilobits per second Variable bitrate (VBR). The Amazon MP3 Music Service: Terms of Use legally restrict use of the music, but Amazon does not use Digital Rights Management to enforce those terms. Most songs cost US$0.89 or US$0.99, and most albums cost between US$4.95 and US$9.99.

Participating record labels include EMI and Universal Records, as well as many independent labels.http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070925005710&newsLang=en Previous to the launch of this service, Amazon made an investment in Amie Street, a similar music store with a variable pricing model based on demand.

Amazon Shorts Amazon Shorts is a program launched in 2005. The program offers exclusive short form content including short stories and non-fiction pieces from best selling authors, all available for immediate download at US$0.49. As of June 2007, the program has over 1,700 pieces and is adding about 50 new pieces per week.

Amazon Prime In February 2005, Amazon launched Amazon Prime in the continental United States.http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=847395&highlight= Amazon Prime subscribers pay US$79 per year and receive free 2-day shipping on all items shipped by Amazon with no minimum purchase amount. Overnight shipping for Prime members is US$3.99 per item. Prime benefits extend to four family members in the same household.

Amazon Prime help page

Amazon Prime became available in Japan in June 2007. Japanese customers may pay Japanese Yen3,900 per year and receive same-day shipping on orders shipped to the Kantō region and next-day delivery to other locations.http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1030042&highlight=

Donations In 2001, Amazon was one of the first online stores to begin accepting donations to the Red Cross on behalf of 9/11 victims. For several days the company dedicated its entire home page for this cause.

In 2004, Amazon launched its Presidential Candidates feature, whereby customers could donate from US$5 to US$200 to the campaigns of U.S. presidential election, 2004, resurrecting the Amazon Honor System for the purpose. The Honor System was originally launched in 2001 as a way for Amazon customers to "tip" their "favorite Web sites and to buy digital content on the Web," Amazon collecting 2.9% of the payment plus a flat fee of US$0.30. It has never been shut down, but had fallen into relative disuse.

At the end of 2004, with the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Amazon set up an online donation channel to the American Red Cross using the Honor System, waiving its processing fee. As of January 3 2005, over 162,000 individuals had donated over US$13.1 million in this way.

The same week, Amazon created similar channels for the British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, French Red Cross, German Red Cross, and Japanese Red Cross Red Cross organizations via its international sites. Over 7,000 Britons donated more than US$350,000; 900 Canadians over US$56,000; 660 French over US$23,000; 2,900 Germans over US$145,000; and 1,900 Japanese over US$66,000.

Amazon reactivated its Red Cross donation channel when Hurricane Katrina struck at the end of August 2005. As of September 8, over 98,000 payments had been made totaling over US$10.7 million.

Amazon Connect Amazon announced Amazon Connect in 2005. It enables authors to post remarks that appear at the bottom of the detail pages for each of their books and on the Amazon home page of those who have bought their books.

Amazon Vine On August 15, 2007 Amazon launched a program called Amazon Vine, which allows the site's top product reviewers free access to prerelease products from vendors participating in the program.

Discussion boards In August 2006, Amazon launched product wikis (later folded into #Amapedia) and Internet forum for certain products. There are set guidelines that follow standard message board conventions. Discussion boards were later expanded to include deals in the Gold Box Gold Box deal discussion forum and to cover collections of items with the same user-provided Tag (metadata). A post in the "wii" tag forum

Amapedia In January 2007 Amazon launched Amapedia, a collaborative wiki for user-generated content related to "the products you like the most." Amapedia replaced Amazon's ProductWiki product, and all ProductWiki content was copied into Amapedia at launch.

WebStore By Amazon WebStore by Amazon allows businesses to create their own ecommerce websites using Amazon technology. Merchants can customize their sites using their own photos and branding. WebStore by Amazon sellers pay a commission of 7 percent, which includes credit-card processing fees and fraud protection, and a subscription fee of $59.95/month, no matter how many WebStores they set up, and with no limits on the number of listings a merchant can create.

Controversies Trademark infringement In 1999 the Amazon Bookstore Cooperative of Minneapolis, Minnesota sued Amazon.com for trademark infringement. The cooperative had been using the name "Amazon" since 1970, but reached an out-of-court agreement to share the name with the on-line retailer.

Patent use The company has been controversial for its alleged use of patents as a competitive hindrance. The "1-click patent" is perhaps the best-known example of this. Amazon's use of the one-click patent against competitor Barnes and Noble's website led the Free Software Foundation to announce a boycott on Amazon in December 1999. The boycott was discontinued in September 2002.From the FSF site: amazon philosophy.

On May 12 2006, the USPTO ordered a reexamination of the "One-Click" patent, based on a request filed by Peter Calveley. Calveley cited as prior art an earlier e-commerce patent and the Digicash electronic cash system.

On February 22, 2000, the company was granted a patent covering an Internet-based customer referral system, or what is commonly called an "affiliate program". Reaction was swift and negative. Industry leaders Tim O'Reilly and Charlie Jackson (software) spoke out strongly against this patent and O'Reilly published an open letter to Bezos protesting the 1-click patent and the affiliate-program patent, and petitioning him to "avoid any attempts to limit the further development of internet commerce".

O'Reilly collected 10,000 signatures with this petition. Bezos responded with his own open letter. The protest ended with O'Reilly and Bezos visiting Washington D.C. to lobby for patent reform.

On February 25, 2003, the company was granted a patent titled "Method and system for conducting a discussion relating to an item on Internet forums".

Patent infringement The company has been sued for alleged patent infringement a number of times, among them:

Shipping destinations In 2006 Amazon.co.uk severely limited products that it (or its Marketplace sellers) will ship to the Republic of Ireland, though it will still ship to Northern Ireland. Irish shoppers are now limited to books, CDs, and DVDs only. This is due to WEEE regulations, which Ireland has implemented extremely strictly, while the UK has not.

During 2007, Irish orders began to be fulfilled from Ireland, reducing delivery times significantly. This is connected to Amazon ceasing to use Royal Mail as a delivery agent.

Customer service Amazon.com does not publish its toll-free customer service number (+1-800-201-7575) on its own web site. Customers are instead asked to submit written service requests (which are answered by e-mail) or to use a click-to-call service to be connected by phone to an available service representative.Amazon.com Click-to-Call feature: https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/contact-us/call-me.html/?skip=true

There are numerous Web pages that exist solely to publish the Amazon.com customer service phone numbers, one of which received in excess of 23,000 visits in December 2004 alone. "The Amazon.com Customer Service Phone Number" Despite the perceived difficulty in reaching customer service by phone, Amazon.com earned an 87% rating for customer service in the Q4 2006 American Customer Satisfaction Index, second only to barnesandnoble.com llc which earned an 88% rating.http://www.theacsi.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=165

Labor relations In November 2000, the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) began an unsuccessful campaign to organize Amazon.com employees at several of their fulfillment centers. At the same time, the Communications Workers of America undertook a campaign to unionize some 400 customer-service representatives in Seattle. Neither group of employees found the external organizations' attempt significant; neither union obtained enough interest to petition the National Labor Relations Board for an election. The customer-service center was closed down shortly after the campaign.

Chris Benoit DVD In late June 2007, shortly after the death of professional wrestler Chris Benoit, Amazon displayed a special note on search results pages for the term "WWE": “Tragic news from the WWE. Wrestler Chris Benoit and his wife and son have been found dead in their Georgia home, and police are investigating the situation as a possible murder-suicide.”

The caption was then followed by a photo and a link to purchase the WWE Chris Benoit: Hard Knocks DVD. Amazon.com later removed the offending message after widespread complaints in the professional wrestling community."JBL COMMENTS ON BENOIT TRAGEDY & MORE BENOIT NOTES," on Pro Wrestling Insider published on June 28, 2007.

The Humane Society of the United States v. Amazon.com, Inc., et al Amazon continues to carry two cockfighting magazines and two dog fighting videos although the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) contends that the sale of these materials is a violation of U.S. Federal law. The Humane Society of the United States has filed a lawsuit against Amazon. The HSUS is actively advising supporters to write Amazon requesting the removal of the offensive materials.http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2007/06/amazon_argument.html

This writing campaign gained momentum in August of 2007 after the much publicized Bad Newz Kennels dog fighting investigation involving NFL quarterback Michael Vick.http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/business/media/27amazon.html Some supporters are also calling for a boycott of Amazon until the animal fighting materials are removed from sale.http://www.petville.com/pet_community/2007/08/amazon-selling-.html

Trivia

See also

References Further reading

External links

{{Infobox Dotcom company| company_name = Amazon.com, Inc.| company_logo = | company_type = Public company ()| company_slogan = …and you're done| foundation = 1994| location_city = Seattle, Washington, Founder, President, CEO, and Chairman
[Rick Dalzell, Senior VP/CIO
Tom Szkutak, Senior VP/CFO
Werner Vogels, VP/CTO]| revenue = United States dollar10.71 billion (2006)])| products = Amazon.com
A9.com
Alexa Internet
Internet Movie Database
WebStore by Amazon
Pinzon (private label trademark)]| language = English
.com, .co.uk, .caChinese .cnFrench .fr, .ca
German .de, .at
Japanese .co.jp| launch_date = 1995-->Amazon.com, Inc. () is an United States e-commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, Washington. It was one of the first major companies to sell goods over the Internet and was one of the iconic stocks of the late 1990s dot-com bubble. After the bubble burst, Amazon faced skepticism about its business model, but it made its first annual profit in 2003.

Founded by Jeff Bezos in 1994, and launched in 1995, Amazon.com began as an online bookstore, though it soon diversified its product lines, adding VHSs, DVDs, music Compact Discs, MP3s, computer software, video games, Consumer electronics, Clothing, furniture, food, toys, and more.

Amazon has established separate websites in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, France, China, and Japan. It ships globally on selected products.

History and business model Amazon was founded in 1994, spurred by what Bezos refers to as his "regret minimization framework," i.e. his effort to fend off late-in-life regret for not staking a claim in the Internet gold rush. Time Magazine 1999 Person of the Year -- Jeffrey P.Bezos It is common lore that Bezos wrote its business plan while he and his wife drove a 1988 Chevrolet Blazer from Fort Worth, Texas to Bellevue, Washington. NYTimes, July 10 2005: "A Retail Revolution Turns 10"

The company began operating as an online bookstore under the name Cadabra.com (as in abracadabra), a name that Bezos quickly abandoned due to its sounding like "cadaver". While the largest Brick and mortar business bookstores and mail-order catalogs for books might offer 200,000 titles, an online bookstore could offer many times more. Bezos renamed his company "Amazon" after the world's Amazon River.

The company was incorporated in 1994, in the state of Washington, began service in July 1995, and was reincorporated in 1996 in Delaware. The first book ever sold by Amazon.com was Douglas Hofstadter's Fluid Concepts & Creative Analogies: Computer Models of the Fundamental Mechanisms of Thought.Amazon.com's company timeline Amazon.com had its initial public offering on May 15 1997, trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol AMZN at an initial public offering price of United States dollar18.00 per share (equivalent to US$1.50 after three stock splits during the late 1990s).

Amazon's initial business plan was unusual: the company did not expect to turn a profit for four to five years. In retrospect, the strategy was effective. Amazon grew at a steady pace in the late 1990s while many other Internet companies grew at a blindingly fast pace.

Amazon's "slow" growth caused a number of its stockholders to complain, saying that the company was not reaching profitability fast enough. When the Dot-com bubble burst and many e-companies went out of business, Amazon persevered and finally turned its first profit in the fourth quarter of 2002: a meager US$5 million, just 1¢ per share, on revenues of over US$1 billion, but it was important symbolically.

The firm has since remained profitable: net income was US$35.3 million in 2003, US$588.5 million in 2004, US$359 million in 2005, and US$190 million in 2006 (including a US$662 million charge on R&D in 2006). Nevertheless, the firm's cumulative profits remain negative, since the positive performance of recent years is not yet sufficient to wipe out the losses of the past, as of 2005 the accumulated deficit stood at US$2.03 billion.

Revenue continued to grow thanks to product diversification and international presence: US$3.9 billion in 2002, US$5.3 billion in 2003, US$6.9 billion in 2004, US$8.5 billion in 2005, and US$10.7 billion in 2006. On November 21 2005, Amazon entered the S&P 500 index, replacing the venerable AT&T after it merged with SBC Communications.

Time Magazine named Bezos its 1999 Person of the Year in recognition of the company's success in popularizing online shopping.

Merchant partnerships The Web sites of Borders Group (borders.com, borders.co.uk), Waldenbooks (waldenbooks.com), Virgin Megastores (virginmega.com), CDNOW (cdnow.com), and HMV Group plc (hmv.com) are powered and hosted by Amazon. Until June 30 2006, typing Toys R Us.com into one's browser would similarly bring up Amazon.com's Toys & Games tab; however, this relationship was terminated as the result of a lawsuit.E-Commerce Times: Toys 'R' Us wins right to end amazon partnership., March 3, 2006

Amazon.com powers and operates retail web sites for Target Corporation, the National Basketball Association, Sears Canada, Sears UK, Benefit Cosmetics, Bebe Stores, Timex Corporation, Marks & Spencer, Mothercare, and Bombay Company.

For a number of these companies, specifically the UK ones like Marks & Spencer and Mothercare, Amazon provides the multi-channel solutions not just the web site. That means that it also powers the in store terminals, customer-service applications and phone-sales terminals.

It also powers, although does not host, AOL's Shop@AOL service. It achieves this via Web Services technology.

Locations Headquarters The company's global headquarters is located on Seattle, Washington's Beacon Hill, Seattle, Washington. It has offices throughout other parts of greater Seattle.

Software development centers The company employs software developers in modest- to large-sized centers across the globe. International locations include:

Fulfillment and warehousing Fulfillment centers are located in the following cities, often near airports: *Arizona, United States of America: Phoenix, Arizona *Delaware, United States of America: New Castle, Delaware *Kansas, United States of America: Coffeyville, Kansas *Kentucky, United States of America: Campbellsville, Kentucky, Hebron, Kentucky (near Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport), and Lexington, Kentucky *Massachusetts, United States of America: Springfield, Massachusetts (new as of early 2007) *Nevada, United States of America: Fernley, Nevada and Red Rock, Nevada (near Reno Stead Airport) *Washington, United States of America: Federal Way, Washington *Pennsylvania, United States of America: Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and Lewisberry, Pennsylvania *Texas, United States of America: Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex *Ontario, Canada: Mississauga, Ontario *Munster, Republic of Ireland: Cork (city) *Bedfordshire, England, United Kingdom: Marston Gate *Inverclyde, Scotland, United Kingdom: Gourock *Fife, Scotland, United Kingdom: Glenrothes *Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom: (Planned) *Loiret, France: Orléans-Boigny (2000), *Loiret, France: Orléans-Saran (2007), *Hesse, Germany: Bad Hersfeld *Free State of Saxony, Germany: Leipzig *Chiba Prefecture, Japan *Guangzhou, China *Shanghai, China *Beijing, China

Product lines Amazon has steadily branched into retail sales of music compact discs, VHS and DVDs, computer software, consumer electronics, kitchen items, tools, lawn and garden items, toys & games, baby products, clothing, sporting goods, gourmet food, jewelry, watches, health care and personal-care items, cosmetics, musical instruments, industrial & scientific supplies, groceries, and more.

The company launched Amazon.com Auctions, its own Web auctions service, in March 1999. However it failed to chip away at industry pioneer eBay's juggernaut growth. Amazon Auctions was followed by the launch of a fixed-price marketplace business called zShops in September 1999, and a failed Sotheby's/Amazon partnership called sothebys.amazon.com in November. Although zShops failed to live up to its expectations, it laid the groundwork for the hugely successful Amazon Marketplace service launched in 2001 that let customers sell used books, CDs, DVDs, and other products alongside new items. Amazon Marketplace's main rival today is eBay's Half.com service.

Beginning August 2005U.S. Trademark registrations numbered 3216667 and 3266840/3266847, issued March 6, 2007 and July 17, 2007, Amazon began selling products under its own private label, "Pinzon"; the initial trademark applications suggested the company intended to focus on textiles, kitchen utensils, and other household goods.In March 2007, the company applied to expand the trademark to cover a larger and more diverse list of goods, and to register a new design consisting of the "word PINZON in stylized letters with a notched letter O whose space appears at the "one o'clock" position." Trademark Electronic Search System from the USPTO, supplying "PINZON" as the search term. The list of products registered for coverage by the trademark grew to include items such as paints, carpets, wallpaper, hair accessories, clothing, footwear, headgear, cleaning products, and jewelry.

On May 16 2007 Amazon announced its intention to launch its own online music store. The store launched in public beta September 25, 2007, selling downloads exclusively in MP3 format without digital rights management.http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1055053&highlight=

In August 2007, Amazon announced Amazon Fresh, a grocery service offering perishable and nonperishable foods. Customers can pick up orders or have them delivered to their homes. Delivery is initially restricted to residents of Mercer Island, Washington, a wealthy suburb of Seattle.http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/08/01/remember-webvan-so-does-amazon/

Website A popular feature of Amazon is the ability for users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. As part of their review, users must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Such rating scales provide a basic idea of the popularity and dependability of a product.

The review feature is an important and highly influential function for customers and was certainly one of the main reasons for amazon.com’s success at selling books. As with book reviews anywhere, the buyer must beware that all reviewers have bias. Under normal circumstances, reviews give the reader has at least a modest basis for evaluating whether to buy/read a given book.

Because it is an open forum, the reader can benefit from the opinions of different people with different perspectives. However, the anonymity of web reviewers increases the chances of abuse in the form of self-praise, praise from friends, or malicious criticism. This situation was confirmed in 2004 when the origin of reviews was accidentally made public on an amazon site, and some authors openly confirmed their glowing reviews of their own books (see Trivia below).

Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers, e.g., to indicate the “real name” of the reviewer (based on the credit card name) or to indicate that the reviewer is one of the “top” (most popular) reviewers. Because badging is optional, the risk of abuse remains. Some books have well over one thousand reviews (e.g. Ayn Rand’s Atlas Shrugged), but many books, especially new ones, have none.

The U.S. site generally has the highest quantity of reviews, but other country sites offer the perspectives of other reviewers. A review posted on one site is not necessarily visible on another site.

Search Inside the Book is a feature which makes it possible for customers to search for keywords in the full text of many books in the catalog. Amazon.com's online reader Search Inside reference Amazon.com Search Inside reference The feature started out with 120,000 titles (or 33 million pages of text) on October 23 2003. There are currently about 250,000 books in the program. Amazon has cooperated with around 130 publishers to allow users to perform these searches.

To avoid copyright violations, Amazon.com does not return the computer-readable text of the book but rather a picture of the page containing the found excerpt, disables printing of the pages, and puts limits on the number of pages in a book a single user can access. Amazon is planning to launch Search Inside the Book internationally. Additionally, customers can purchase access to read the entire book online via the Amazon Upgrade program, although the selection of books eligible for this service is currently limited.

According to information in Amazon.com discussion forums, Amazon derives about 40% of its sales from affiliates, whom they call "Associates." An Associate is an independent seller or business that receives a commission for referring customers to the Amazon.com site.

Associates do this by placing links on their websites to the Amazon homepage or to specific products. If a referral results in a sale, the Associate receives a commission from Amazon. Worldwide, Amazon has "over 900,000 members" in its affiliate programs.http://affiliate-program.amazon.co.uk/gp/associates/join/main.html Associates can access the Amazon catalog directly on their websites by using the Amazon Web Services (AWS) XML service.

Amazon was one of the first online businesses to set up an affiliate marketing program.http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=832131 AStore is a new affiliate product that allows Associates to embedded a subset of Amazon products within, or linked to from, another website.

According to the Internet audience measurement website Compete.com, Amazon attracts approximately 50 million U.S. consumers to its website on a monthly basis (http://siteanalytics.compete.com/amazon.com).

Acquisitions and spinoffs

The two deals together were valued at about US$280 million at the time. Most staff of both firms were absorbed by Amazon in early 1999. These employees went on to build community-focused features for the Amazon Web site, including Amazon.com online auction, Amazon.com Marketplace, Friends & Favorites, and Purchase Circles.

Another A9 technology was its "Find It on the Block" feature allowing users to find not just the phone number, address, map, and directions for a business; but to see a picture of it, and all the businesses and shops on that same street.

Noteworthy events In 2002, Amazon became the exclusive retailer for the much-hyped Segway HT. Bezos was an early supporter of the Segway before its details were made public.

On June 21 2003, Amazon coordinated what was at the time one of the largest sales and distribution events in e-commerce history with the sale of over 1.3 million copies of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, since beaten by Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows with a sale of over 2 million copies preordered in 2007.

On July 16 2005, Amazon celebrated its 10th anniversary by telecasting a worldwide live concert hosted by Bill Maher and artists such as Bob Dylan and Norah Jones.

Products and services Amazon Web Services Amazon launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) in 2002. The service provides programmatic access to many features leveraged behind the scenes on its own website. AWS was rapidly adopted by what now amount to tens of thousands of software developers.

Amazon S3 In March 2006, Amazon launched an online storage service called Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). An unlimited number of data objects, from 1 byte to 5 gigabytes in size, can be stored in S3 and distributed via HTTP or BitTorrent. The service charges monthly fees for data stored and for data transferred.

Amazon EC2 In August 2006, Amazon introduced Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2), a virtual site farm, allowing users to use the Amazon infrastructure with its high reliability to run diverse applications ranging from running simulations to web hosting.

Amazon Mechanical Turk In November 2005, Amazon.com began testing Amazon Mechanical Turk, an application programming interface (API) allowing programs to dispatch tasks to human processors.

Amazon FPS On August 2, 2007 Amazon launched a payment service specifically targeted at developers. Amazon FPS has facilities for developing many different charging models including micro-payments. The service also gives developers easy access to Amazon customers.

Amazon Unbox On March 7 2007, Amazon launched an Internet video on demand service. There has been criticism of the service due to its use of digital rights management (DRM).

Amazon MP3 Downloads On September 25, 2007, Amazon launched a new music store (currently in software release cycle#Beta) which sells downloadable tracks, all in the MP3 format and most recorded at 256 kilobits per second Variable bitrate (VBR). The Amazon MP3 Music Service: Terms of Use legally restrict use of the music, but Amazon does not use Digital Rights Management to enforce those terms. Most songs cost US$0.89 or US$0.99, and most albums cost between US$4.95 and US$9.99.

Participating record labels include EMI and Universal Records, as well as many independent labels.http://home.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20070925005710&newsLang=en Previous to the launch of this service, Amazon made an investment in Amie Street, a similar music store with a variable pricing model based on demand.

Amazon Shorts Amazon Shorts is a program launched in 2005. The program offers exclusive short form content including short stories and non-fiction pieces from best selling authors, all available for immediate download at US$0.49. As of June 2007, the program has over 1,700 pieces and is adding about 50 new pieces per week.

Amazon Prime In February 2005, Amazon launched Amazon Prime in the continental United States.http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=847395&highlight= Amazon Prime subscribers pay US$79 per year and receive free 2-day shipping on all items shipped by Amazon with no minimum purchase amount. Overnight shipping for Prime members is US$3.99 per item. Prime benefits extend to four family members in the same household.

Amazon Prime help page

Amazon Prime became available in Japan in June 2007. Japanese customers may pay Japanese Yen3,900 per year and receive same-day shipping on orders shipped to the Kantō region and next-day delivery to other locations.http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1030042&highlight=

Donations In 2001, Amazon was one of the first online stores to begin accepting donations to the Red Cross on behalf of 9/11 victims. For several days the company dedicated its entire home page for this cause.

In 2004, Amazon launched its Presidential Candidates feature, whereby customers could donate from US$5 to US$200 to the campaigns of U.S. presidential election, 2004, resurrecting the Amazon Honor System for the purpose. The Honor System was originally launched in 2001 as a way for Amazon customers to "tip" their "favorite Web sites and to buy digital content on the Web," Amazon collecting 2.9% of the payment plus a flat fee of US$0.30. It has never been shut down, but had fallen into relative disuse.

At the end of 2004, with the catastrophic 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, Amazon set up an online donation channel to the American Red Cross using the Honor System, waiving its processing fee. As of January 3 2005, over 162,000 individuals had donated over US$13.1 million in this way.

The same week, Amazon created similar channels for the British Red Cross, Canadian Red Cross, French Red Cross, German Red Cross, and Japanese Red Cross Red Cross organizations via its international sites. Over 7,000 Britons donated more than US$350,000; 900 Canadians over US$56,000; 660 French over US$23,000; 2,900 Germans over US$145,000; and 1,900 Japanese over US$66,000.

Amazon reactivated its Red Cross donation channel when Hurricane Katrina struck at the end of August 2005. As of September 8, over 98,000 payments had been made totaling over US$10.7 million.

Amazon Connect Amazon announced Amazon Connect in 2005. It enables authors to post remarks that appear at the bottom of the detail pages for each of their books and on the Amazon home page of those who have bought their books.

Amazon Vine On August 15, 2007 Amazon launched a program called Amazon Vine, which allows the site's top product reviewers free access to prerelease products from vendors participating in the program.

Discussion boards In August 2006, Amazon launched product wikis (later folded into #Amapedia) and Internet forum for certain products. There are set guidelines that follow standard message board conventions. Discussion boards were later expanded to include deals in the Gold Box Gold Box deal discussion forum and to cover collections of items with the same user-provided Tag (metadata). A post in the "wii" tag forum

Amapedia In January 2007 Amazon launched Amapedia, a collaborative wiki for user-generated content related to "the products you like the most." Amapedia replaced Amazon's ProductWiki product, and all ProductWiki content was copied into Amapedia at launch.

WebStore By Amazon WebStore by Amazon allows businesses to create their own ecommerce websites using Amazon technology. Merchants can customize their sites using their own photos and branding. WebStore by Amazon sellers pay a commission of 7 percent, which includes credit-card processing fees and fraud protection, and a subscription fee of $59.95/month, no matter how many WebStores they set up, and with no limits on the number of listings a merchant can create.

Controversies Trademark infringement In 1999 the Amazon Bookstore Cooperative of Minneapolis, Minnesota sued Amazon.com for trademark infringement. The cooperative had been using the name "Amazon" since 1970, but reached an out-of-court agreement to share the name with the on-line retailer.

Patent use The company has been controversial for its alleged use of patents as a competitive hindrance. The "1-click patent" is perhaps the best-known example of this. Amazon's use of the one-click patent against competitor Barnes and Noble's website led the Free Software Foundation to announce a boycott on Amazon in December 1999. The boycott was discontinued in September 2002.From the FSF site: amazon philosophy.

On May 12 2006, the USPTO ordered a reexamination of the "One-Click" patent, based on a request filed by Peter Calveley. Calveley cited as prior art an earlier e-commerce patent and the Digicash electronic cash system.

On February 22, 2000, the company was granted a patent covering an Internet-based customer referral system, or what is commonly called an "affiliate program". Reaction was swift and negative. Industry leaders Tim O'Reilly and Charlie Jackson (software) spoke out strongly against this patent and O'Reilly published an open letter to Bezos protesting the 1-click patent and the affiliate-program patent, and petitioning him to "avoid any attempts to limit the further development of internet commerce".

O'Reilly collected 10,000 signatures with this petition. Bezos responded with his own open letter. The protest ended with O'Reilly and Bezos visiting Washington D.C. to lobby for patent reform.

On February 25, 2003, the company was granted a patent titled "Method and system for conducting a discussion relating to an item on Internet forums".

Patent infringement The company has been sued for alleged patent infringement a number of times, among them:

Shipping destinations In 2006 Amazon.co.uk severely limited products that it (or its Marketplace sellers) will ship to the Republic of Ireland, though it will still ship to Northern Ireland. Irish shoppers are now limited to books, CDs, and DVDs only. This is due to WEEE regulations, which Ireland has implemented extremely strictly, while the UK has not.

During 2007, Irish orders began to be fulfilled from Ireland, reducing delivery times significantly. This is connected to Amazon ceasing to use Royal Mail as a delivery agent.

Customer service Amazon.com does not publish its toll-free customer service number (+1-800-201-7575) on its own web site. Customers are instead asked to submit written service requests (which are answered by e-mail) or to use a click-to-call service to be connected by phone to an available service representative.Amazon.com Click-to-Call feature: https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/contact-us/call-me.html/?skip=true

There are numerous Web pages that exist solely to publish the Amazon.com customer service phone numbers, one of which received in excess of 23,000 visits in December 2004 alone. "The Amazon.com Customer Service Phone Number" Despite the perceived difficulty in reaching customer service by phone, Amazon.com earned an 87% rating for customer service in the Q4 2006 American Customer Satisfaction Index, second only to barnesandnoble.com llc which earned an 88% rating.http://www.theacsi.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=165

Labor relations In November 2000, the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) began an unsuccessful campaign to organize Amazon.com employees at several of their fulfillment centers. At the same time, the Communications Workers of America undertook a campaign to unionize some 400 customer-service representatives in Seattle. Neither group of employees found the external organizations' attempt significant; neither union obtained enough interest to petition the National Labor Relations Board for an election. The customer-service center was closed down shortly after the campaign.

Chris Benoit DVD In late June 2007, shortly after the death of professional wrestler Chris Benoit, Amazon displayed a special note on search results pages for the term "WWE": “Tragic news from the WWE. Wrestler Chris Benoit and his wife and son have been found dead in their Georgia home, and police are investigating the situation as a possible murder-suicide.”

The caption was then followed by a photo and a link to purchase the WWE Chris Benoit: Hard Knocks DVD. Amazon.com later removed the offending message after widespread complaints in the professional wrestling community."JBL COMMENTS ON BENOIT TRAGEDY & MORE BENOIT NOTES," on Pro Wrestling Insider published on June 28, 2007.

The Humane Society of the United States v. Amazon.com, Inc., et al Amazon continues to carry two cockfighting magazines and two dog fighting videos although the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) contends that the sale of these materials is a violation of U.S. Federal law. The Humane Society of the United States has filed a lawsuit against Amazon. The HSUS is actively advising supporters to write Amazon requesting the removal of the offensive materials.http://hsus.typepad.com/wayne/2007/06/amazon_argument.html

This writing campaign gained momentum in August of 2007 after the much publicized Bad Newz Kennels dog fighting investigation involving NFL quarterback Michael Vick.http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/27/business/media/27amazon.html Some supporters are also calling for a boycott of Amazon until the animal fighting materials are removed from sale.http://www.petville.com/pet_community/2007/08/amazon-selling-.html

Trivia

See also

References Further reading

External links



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